高真空多层绝热低温容器真空丧失后的传热研究

高真空多层绝热低温容器的绝热夹层发生完全的真空丧失事故后,由于自然对流换热的原因,其绝热夹层的漏热量会急剧增加.在搭建了高真空多层绝热低温容器完全真空丧失后的传热研究实验台的基础上,使用于燥氮气为破空介质、液氮为低温介质,进行了多次高真空多层绝热低温容器的完全真空丧失实验.重点研究了低温容器液位及绝热材料层数的变化对其...     

宽带大功率声呐AM信号发射机的设计与实现

发射机是宽带大功率声呐的重要组成部分,其性能关系着声呐系统工作的有效性。本文研究一种程控的宽带大功率声呐AM信号发射机,信号源基于Delta-sigma DA原理设计,以现场可编程门阵列(Field-programmable gate array,FPGA)为核心器件,采用"FPGA+滤波器"的简化电路结构,单个IO引脚即可实现一个通道AM信号的产生,功率放大电路采用并联推挽的乙类线性放大电路结构,驱动相控基阵使其声源级水池测试可达238 d B,且具备连续相控发射15个脉宽5 ms脉冲信号的能力,达到了50%的相对带宽。水池测试验证了设计方案,工作稳定可靠。     

An experimental investigation of outflow of liquids from single-outlet vessels

This paper considers the outflow of a liquid from a single outlet vessel, i.e. a vessel in which the outflowing liquid is displaced by another fluid which enters the vessel through the same opening. The simplest possible arrangement is investigated: a sealed axisymmetric cylindrical vessel with an outlet in its base, in which water is displaced by air.

It is shown experimentally that the average liquid discharge velocity is independent of the liquid level in the vessel and the shape of the outlet for the range of outlets employed; it increases weakly with both the diameter of the vessel and the diameter of the outlet.     

在激励下储液罐提离的非线性耦联振动的实验研究

通过储液罐模型在水平和竖向振动台上的提离振动实验,对罐底与基础接触边界移动的储液罐非线性耦联振动问题进行了研究。初步揭示了提离机理。实验研究表明竖向地震作用可能导致罐壁根部出现“象足”型破坏;水平激励时罐壁的可能失稳区域与地震时实际罐的失稳(或破坏)区域是一致的。     

重要性抽样法在计算球罐断裂失效概率中的应用

本文结合实例,在探讨了原分布函数平移一定距离后作为重要性函数的基础上,提出采用优化理论中的直接搜索法,以原分布函数与重要性函数相似比的变异系数最小为优化目标求得最佳平移量。同时提出迭代计算程序,即依据前次迭代计算得到的失效点分布确定计算时原分布函数的平移量,经多次迭代也能求出最佳平移量。多次迭代后诸失效点的中值与一阶二次矩法的设计点值接近。在本文算例中,由这二种方法求得的重要性函数减少了模拟计算总次数和提高了计算精度。     

Surfactant-induced effects on turbulent swirling flows

 We employ digital particle imaging velocimetry (DPIV) to investigate the influence of a drag reducing cationic surfactant additive, cetyltrimethyl-ammonium chloride (CTAC), on turbulent swirling flows generated in a cylindrical vessel either by a rotating disk or a rotating disk fitted with vertical flat blades. The largest concentration of CTAC used in this study (0.05 ≤ C ≤ 0.5 mmol/l) is an order of magnitude smaller than those used in experimental investigations of surfactant induced drag reduction in turbulent pipe/channel flows. Even for such dilute systems, a number of dramatic and intriguing effects are observed. In the case of disk-driven flow, it is shown that the surfactant has a non-monotonic influence on turbulence intensity: both radial and axial root mean square velocity fluctuations first increase with increasing surfactant concentration C, reach a maximum and decrease upon further increase in C. Moreover, the maximum intensity is attained at a concentration that is practically independent of the angular frequency Ω of the disk. For the flow driven by bladed impeller, the introduction of the surfactant leads to flow reversal at the impeller plane for low concentrations. Enhancement in the radial and azimuthal mean velocities is also observed. For relatively larger concentrations (=0.5 mmol/l), a mean flow field that consists of multiple transient mixing pockets emerges as Ω exceeds a critical value. Plausible mechanisms are proposed to explain these observations. Received: 11 September 2000 Accepted: 10 April 2001     

Validation of a CIP-based tank for numerical simulation of free surface flows

A constrained interpolation profile CIP-based numerical tank is developed to simulate violent free surface flows.The numerical simulation is performed by the CIP-based Cartesian grid method,which is described in the present paper.The tangent of hyperbola for interface capturing(THINC) scheme is applied for capturing complex free surfaces.The new model is capable of simulating a flow with violently varied free surface.A series of computations are conducted to assess the developed algorithm and its versatility.These tests include the collapse of water column with and without an obstacle,sloshing in a fixed tank,the generation of regular waves in a tank,the generation of extreme waves in a tank.Excellent agreements are obtained when numerical results are compared with available analytical,experimental,and other numerical results.     

Generation of linear and nonlinear waves in numerical wave tank using clustering technique-volume of fluid method

A two-dimensional(2D) numerical model is developed for the wave simulation and propagation in a wave flume.The fluid flow is assumed to be viscous and incompressible,and the Navier-Stokes and continuity equations are used as the governing equations.The standard k-ε model is used to model the turbulent flow.The NavierStokes equations are discretized using the staggered grid finite difference method and solved by the simplified marker and cell(SMAC) method.Waves are generated and propagated using a piston type wave maker.An open boundary condition is used at the end of the numerical flume.Some standard tests,such as the lid-driven cavity,the constant unidirectional velocity field,the shearing flow,and the dam-break on the dry bed,are performed to valid the model.To demonstrate the capability and accuracy of the present method,the results of generated waves are compared with available wave theories.Finally,the clustering technique(CT) is used for the mesh generation,and the best condition is suggested.     

不同横纵牵引角度下拖轮艏拖桩结构强度分析

以3675kW拖轮为例, 利用有限元软件MSC.Patran/Nastran对其艏拖桩结构进行结构强度分析. 通过计算得出该艏拖桩结构强度能够满足法国船级社规范要求, 并得到了不同牵引角度下的应力分布规律, 为今后拖轮结构设计及营运提供了参考.     

连续流微反应

近几个世纪,传统釜式反应为我们解决了大量化工产品需求的问题。但其本身存在着很多的缺点,如安全隐患、环境污染、能源消耗巨大、占地面积大以及工艺放大困难等。连续流微反应以其高效的传质传热、精确控温控时、安全稳定、无放大效应以及反应的实时监控等优点,能很好地解决传统釜式反应存在的问题。本文对连续流微反应在最近五年的研究进展进行了概述,特别对连续流中的硝化反应、叠氮基丙烯酸酯的热解反应、格氏反应与类格氏反应、偶联反应、胺化反应、氧化还原反应、缩合反应、环化反应、多步骤反应及常用连续流微反应器进行了介绍。同时,对连续流微反应的优缺点进行了简要评述。